Siyakwamukela futhi ochungechungeni lwami oluncane lokuhlela olumayelana namanye amathrendi namatrophu akhule ngokwedlulele emphakathini we-queer kuhlobo olwesabekayo. Engxenyeni yokuqala, sixoxe ngamathokheni, futhi lapha ngizobe ngifaka ekubhalweni kwe-queer futhi kungumlando ngaphakathi kohlobo.

Ukubhalwa kwe-queer kuyinqubo yokwabela isimilo kumlingiswa ngaphandle kokuphuma empeleni (bona ukuthi ngenzeni lapho?) Futhi usho ngokusobala ukuthi lo mlingiswa uyisitabane. Kwifilimu, ikakhulukazi, yazalwa ngokutholwa kweKhodi yeHays ngawo-1930.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zefilimu, ngaphandle komthethonqubo, abantu babephuma bekhombisa ukukhombisa zonke izinhlobo zezinto futhi behlola noma yiziphi izingqikithi. Ngaphandle kokumangala, bekukhona ukuhlehla okuvela emaqenjini amaningi adla ngoludala e-US abecabanga ukuthi isimilo sawo wonke umuntu sisengozini yenkohlakalo ngenxa yamabhayisikobho.

Bangene kwikhabethe likaWarren G. Harding bafika noPostmaster General Will Hays ozoba ngumongameli weMotion Picture Producers and Distributors Association – umanduleli weMotion Picture Association of America. UHays nabalingani bakhe bakha ifayili le- ikhodi yokukhiqiza ngohlu lonke lwezinto ezingenza hhayi izokhonjiswa kwifilimu.

Ngenkathi le khodi yayingakhulumi ngokuqondile ngokuma, kodwa-ke yayicashunwe endimeni eyayifaka izitatimende "njengezindinganiso ezifanele zokuphila."

Uyazi, indlela enhle kakhulu yokwenza umuntu enze okuthile ukubatshela ukuthi abakwazi ukukwenza.

Ababhali, abaqondisi, nabalingisi bahlubuka ngezindlela ezicashile bephikisana neHays Code, noma uJoseph Breen ethatha izintambo njengoyedwa wokuhlola ebhodini owayenekhono lokubhala kabusha futhi asike noma yimuphi umbhalo abona kufanelekile.

Futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ukufaka amakhodi ngezwi kwaqala ukungena kumafilimu. Manje, ukufaka amakhodi ngokweqile, kukodwa nje, akuyona into engeyinhle. Njenganoma yiliphi elinye ithuluzi, lingasetshenziselwa okuhle noma okubi. Ababhali bebengasebenzisa amakhono abo ukudala abalingiswa esingabheka emuva kubo ngokuziqhenya.

Ngokudabukisayo, kwaba lula konke ndawonye, ​​ngokufaka amakhodi, ukudala abalingiswa besitoko njengosisi ongaqondakali ngokobulili, "owesifazane onzima," kanye nomuntu odlayo, ononya.

Lokhu kugcine kwaba yindinganiso kuhlobo olwesabisayo ikakhulukazi.

Thatha, isibonelo, Indodakazi kaDracula. Isuselwa endabeni emfushane kaStoker, "Isivakashi sikaDracula," ifilimu igcine inokuningi okufana ngakho ekugcineni noSheridan le Fanu's UCarmilla.

Lapha sibona indodakazi ka Countess Marya Zaleska aka Dracula oye wafuna usizo lukadokotela wezifo zengqondo ukuze azikhulule ethonyeni elibi. Njengoba izidumbu ziqala ukuhlangana, kulula, ezingeni eliphezulu, ukufunda leli thonya njenge-vampirism. Kusezigcawini ngemodeli encane, enhle, ne-blonde lapho izinto zifunde ngokuhlukile.

U-Countess Zaleska utshela uLili ukuthi ufuna ukumdweba. Umbuka ngokukhanuka okusobala emehlweni akhe. Umtshela ukuthi muhle futhi umcela ukuthi asuse ihembe lakhe emahlombe akhe. Uyasondela, asondele, alale nentokazi ngetshe ngaphambi kokuhlasela ekugcineni.

Izethameli zeQueer yonke indawo zazibona u-Countess njengendlovukazi, futhi zimbona efa ngenxa “yezono” zakhe.

Bese kuba u-Irena omuhle futhi ongaqondakali ovela kuVal Lewton Ikati Abantu.

Kule filimu, u-Irena, odlalwa nguSimone Simon ophawulekayo, wesaba ukuthi uqalekisiwe ukuba yisilwane sasendle lapho evuswa ngocansi… ngokoqobo. Ngaphandle kokubhuka kwakhe, u-Irena usheshe athandane no-Oliver futhi laba bobabili basheshe bashada. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenkinga yakhe akakwazi ukwenza "imisebenzi yakhe yomfazi" ku-Oliver.

Uqala ukubona udokotela wezifo zengqondo ukuzama ukunqoba le mizwa.

Uma ubona umkhuba lapha, akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kungani. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuba yindlalifa kwakubhekwa njengokugula kwengqondo futhi abaningi babethunyelwa kodokotela bengqondo ukuze “belashwe.” Ngeshwa, abanye basabambelele kulo mkhuba futhi ukwelashwa kokuguqula kuye kwaphoqelelwa kubantu abasha abaningi kunalokho engikucabangayo.

Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukususa ngokuphelele le "nto", lokhu "okunye" anakho. Uchaza isiqalekiso futhi ukhumbula isigodi akhulele kuso njengobubi, sigcwele abantu ababi abenza izinto ezimbi ngendlela abaningi abahlobana ngayo nendaba yaseSodoma neGomora evela eBhayibhelini, inganekwane eye yahunyushwa kabi amakhulu eminyaka njenge indlela yokulahla umphakathi we-queer.

Ngokwemvelo, ngoba akakwazi ukunqoba into emenza abe "omunye," ekugcineni unikezela, aguquke abe yi-panther futhi ahlasele abulale umelaphi wakhe. Ugijimela e-zoo yendawo bese evula ikheji le-panther. Isilo simhlikiza ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba sibaleke futhi sizibulale uqobo.

Lapho bethola i-panther efile ilele emnyango wekheji, u-Oliver uyakhonona athi u-Irena wayengakaze abaqambe amanga.

Ngeshwa, u-Irena ungomunye nje wolayini omude wabalingiswa abanamakhodi abebedalelwe ukufa ngoba bengakwazi ukuguqula ukuthi bangobani.

Manje, hleze ucabange ukuthi abesifazane bekuyibo bodwa abebebekwa amakhodi ngaleso sikhathi, ngithanda ukunaka nina nobabili Ngangiyimpisi Yentsha futhi Ngangisemusha uFrankenstein. Womabili la mafilimu akhishwa ngo-1957 futhi womabili ayedlala izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezingekho ngobuhlakani kuwo.

Okokuqala phezulu, Ngangiyimpisi Yentsha UMichael Landon onenkanyezi osemusha, onamahloni nje weminyaka embalwa enamahloni okubaleka kwakhe entshonalanga Bonanza.

UTony Rivers (Landon) unenkinga yokulawula intukuthelo, futhi ngemuva kokuqubuka okumbalwa, utshelwa ukuba abonane nodokotela wezifo zengqondo lapho ekhuluma khona ngalolu laka olungeyona imvelo ngaphakathi kuye. UDkt. Brandon masinyane uncoma uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa kabusha kwale nsizwa.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwelashwa okubuyela emuva kwaba "yisixazululo" esithandwayo sokwelashwa kokuqina. Umcabango bekuwukubuyisela isiguli empandeni yezifiso zaso futhi sikususe ukuze zingabe zisabuswa “yizifiso ezingezona ezemvelo”

UDkt. Brandon, nokho, uthatha elinye igxathu, ekholwa ukuthi kunezinzuzo ngokuthinta leso simo sokuqala, futhi aze afike lapho aze asikisele uTony ukuthi wake waba yisilo sasendle futhi kuzoba nezinzuzo zokubuyela kuleso simo.

Kungakabiphi, uBrandon usekhiphe isilo kuTony yena oqala ngokubulala abantu. Akuyona indawo enkulu yomcabango wokufanisa isimo sakhe sobulwane nokuboniswa kwabantu be-queer. Ukuphela kwento umuntu okudingeka ayenze ukulalela osopolitiki kanye nezinkolo ezahlukahlukene eziqhathanisa kaningi ukumama nokulala nesilwane.

Ngakho-ke lapha sinomyalezo oyinkimbinkimbi. Kunamadoda amadala, adlayo anenhloso yokudlalela amadodana akho awenze into “engeyona eyemvelo.” Ukulandela ingqikithi yezibonelo ezedlule, bobabili amadoda kudingeke ukuthi bafe.

Ngokwe Ngangisemusha uFrankenstein, Siphinde sibe nendoda endala, edlayo, kulokhu kucashunwe noProfesa Frankenstein onquma ukuzakhela insizwa ngezingxenye ezahlukahlukene aziqoqile, konke kusuka kuzinhlobo “eziphakeme ngokwenyama”.

Lo ulibeka ezingeni elisha lonke njengoba uFrankenstein ebuka isidalwa sakhe sisebenzisa ihembe futhi simncoma ngenkathi esenza.

Futhi, ekugcineni bobabili amadoda badalelwe ukufa.

Umlayezo ubucace kahle kuleli phuzu. Ngokuthusayo, kwakuyizigelekeqe nezilo ezazizomela ukucabanga okukhulu, futhi ekugcineni kwakuzodingeka zibhujiswe.

Ikhodi ye-Hays yahlala isikhathi esithile, kepha ekugcineni yaqedwa. Ngakho-ke lokho kusho ukuthi lezo zilo kufanele ziphume ekhabetheni, akunjalo?

Akunjalo impela.

Ukwenza amakhodi we-Queer kwakusadlalwa kahle, kepha kaningi uthola umlingiswa obhalwe ngamakhodi ongesona isilo, futhi ngokumangazayo nakakhulu, avunyelwe ukuba aphile!

Thatha, isibonelo, Okuhle kusuka ngo-1963. Le bekuyifilimu enhle futhi engiyithandayo.

In Okuhle, umlingiswa uTheo, odlalwa nguClaire Bloom, ubhalwe ngokusobala ukuthi ungungqingili. Ngesikhathi sokudinwa kukaNell, waze wabiza noTheo “ngamaphutha emvelo.” Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nabandulelayo, muhle ngaphandle kocansi. Ubuye abhekane nokuvikela uNell ompofu (uJulie Harris), kunokuba amdle.

Okumangalisa kakhulu ukuthi uTheo usinda kuze kube sekupheleni kwefilimu!

Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi izinto bezingcono futhi kungekudala izinto zizophenduka ngokuphelele, akunjalo?

Yebo, cha, umkhuba wokufaka amakhodi esikhundleni sokubhala ngokuqondile izinhlamvu ze-queer uqhubekile. Ngenkathi ama-vampire abathandana nabathandana nabathandana nabobulili obufanayo abe yinto enkulu ngama-70s, ukufaka amakhodi we-queer kusalokhu kungumthetho kunalokho okuhlukile.

Sikubonile kuma-80s ngamafilimu afana nalawa I-Nightmare ku-Elm Street 2 lapho yebo, umbhalo ongezansi wezitabane wawukuyo yonke indawo, kepha kwakuthatha ukwanga ngokobulili obuhlukile ukuze ekugcineni unqobe umuntu omubi. Futhi ezimweni lapho ubugebengu babusondele kakhulu ngaphezulu, ngokusho, Ungesabi Okubi, wawusamelelwa njengobubi okufanele bubhujiswe.

Futhi-ke kwaba khona Ikamu Lokulala.

Abalandeli bakaHorror bashaqeka ngokuvezwa okungazelelwe ekugcineni kwefilimu ukuthi u-Angela ubekade enguPeter ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi waqala ukukufunda ngokuzithoba okukhulu ukuthi wayengumlingiswa we-transgender obenza babe ngomunye wabantu abakhohlakele zikhonjwe ngokungeyikho ikakhulukazi ngabahlaziyi abaqondile ngalolu hlobo.

Ukubhala kwakhe amakhodi kwakucashile kakhulu kuze kube yilowo mzuzu wokugcina futhi ukulingana kwakhe nomphakathi we-trans kubeka isibonelo esibi, kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi bafuna ukukukhohlisa, ukukwenza ukholelwe ukuthi bayinto abangeyona, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho bayingozi .

U-Angela, empeleni, wayengathengisi kangako ngoba wayeyisisulu sokuhlukunyezwa ngowesifazane ongenamakhanda, futhi abenzi bamafilimu bakhetha umzuzu oshibhile wenani lokushaqeka oqinise indawo yawo emlandweni wohlobo, kepha akwenzi ukuphela komonakalo amalungu omphakathi we-queer.

Ngokudabukisayo ukulinganiswa kobugebengu nobubi kusalokhu kuhlale kahle kuze kube sekhulwini lama-21 lapho ekugcineni saqala ukubona abalingiswa ababeboniswa ngokusobala kumafilimu asabisayo, kodwa-ke ukuboniswa okujwayelekile umphakathi we-LGBTQ owawukufuna akuvamile futhi ukufakwa kwawo kukude kakhulu . Futhi kusamele sidlulele ngale kokuthi "bulala isitabane sakho".

Kodwa-ke kukhona ithemba emkhathizwe. Ngikubona kubenzi bamafilimu nabalingisi engike ngabaxoxisana nabo ngochungechunge lwethu lwenyanga yeNyanga Yokuziqhenya. Babhala izindaba ezimangazayo zomkhawulo esikhaleni sohlobo.

Ngikubona kumafilimu afana Ukuthatha kukaDeborah Logan, lapho umlingiswa wobungqingili egcwaliseka ngokuphelele futhi enziwa wajwayelekile ngaphandle kokumelela kwakhe ukuba maphakathi nendaba. Ngikubona kuLyle lapho izithandani ezingathandani nabobulili obufanayo zinganukubezwa ngokweqile ngocansi, kepha kunalokho kumane nje kwaba yizithandani ezinenkani ezizithola zisesimweni esinyantisayo.

Ngikubona kuchungechunge njenge I-Chilling Adventures ka-Sabrina ebhekana ngokusobala nabalingiswa bezinhlobo ezehlukene zezinkulumo zobulili nezindlela zokuya ocansini ngokuqina, futhi Ukuqothulwa kweNdlu yaseHill, ekugcineni akhiphe uTheo ekhabetheni.

Mhlawumbe, mhlawumbe nje, isikhathi sethu sesifikile.

Ngijoyine ngokuzayo, engxenyeni yesithathu neyokugcina yalolu chungechunge lapho sizobe sixoxa ngokuzincengela, futhi siyabonga ngokulandela kwethu Uchungechunge lwenyanga ye-Horror Pride!