** Inothi Lomhleli: UJames Whale: UFata kaGay waseFrankenstein ukuqhubeka kweHorror's Inyanga Yokuziqhenya Esabekayo ukugubha Umphakathi we-LGBTQ neminikelo yabo kulolu hlobo.

Kubo bonke abesilisa nabesifazane abasize ekulolongeni izinsuku zokuqala ezethusayo kwifilimu, bambalwa abebengenza lokho okwenziwa nguJames Whale ngenkathi ekwazi ukuzwelana "nesilo" esasiziphethe kabi ngeminyaka yo-1931 UFrankenstein.

Mhlawumbe, kungenxa yokuthi bambalwa kakhulu kulabo badali abebazi ukuthi yini engathathwa njengeyinqaba ngokwabo.

Impilo njengokuphuma kowesilisa oyisitabane wama-1930s kwakungelula neze, ngisho naseHollywood. Kwakukhona okungaphezu kwenhlamba. Kwakunenzondo eqondile.

Ngezindlela eziningi, akukho okuningi okushintshile, kepha kwakukhona uJames Whale, owayephumile futhi eqhosha ngendlela ayengaba ngayo ngo-1930 lapho, ngemuva kwempumelelo enkulu ehola umdlalo wasesteji obizwa ngokuthi Ukuphela Kohambo engalingisi omunye ngaphandle kukaColin Clive, wanikezwa inkontileka yeminyaka emihlanu ne-Universal Pictures futhi wanikezwa nethuba lokuqondisa noma yiziphi izakhiwo ababenazo ngaleso sikhathi.

Umkhomo ngokuba ungubani, wakhetha Frankenstein. Okuthile okukulo kukhulume naye, kwavusa umcabango wakhe, futhi kungakabiphi wayedala isithombe esinyakazayo esakha indinganiso yegolide abambalwa abahlangane kusukela lapho.

Ulethe uColin Clive ukuba azodlala indawo kaHenry Frankenstein ongaphilile, futhi ubenomlingisi oyedwa emcabangweni wobuciko bakhe: uBoris Karloff.

"Ubuso bakhe bungithandile," kuchaza uWhale kamuva. "Ngenze imidwebo yekhanda lakhe, ngangeza nemithambo ebukhali lapho ngicabanga ukuthi ugebhezi lwajoyina khona."

UBoris Karloff eFrankenstein (1931)

Yize uKarloff ebeyikhethelo lakhe, kubikwa ukuthi bekusekhona igazi elibi phakathi komqondisi nomlingisi njengoba kuqala ukuqoshwa kwefilimu. Isazi-mlando sefilimu, uGregory Mank, uphakamisa ukuthi uMkhomo waba nomona ngokunakwa okwakutholwa uKarloff ngesikhathi eqopha ifilimu futhi wasungula indlela yakhe yokuziphindisela.

Njengoba umvuthwandaba wefilimu usondela, iMonster ithwala uHenry Frankenstein ehlombe layo inyusa intaba iye emgodini omkhulu. UWhale wenze uKarloff athwale u-6'4 ″ UColin Clive akhuphuke njalo kulelo gquma ngokuthatha okuphindaphindwayo okubikwa ukuthi kuholele ekutheni umlingisi abe nezinhlungu ezibuhlungu emuva emuva impilo yakhe yonke.

Akunandaba noma yiziphi izingqinamba okungenzeka beziqhubeka ekusithekeni, Frankenstein kube impumelelo enkulu kuWhale, Karloff, futhi Izithombe Zomhlaba Wonke.

Izethameli eziqondile zakhangwa ukuxoxa izindaba ngobuciko, izigcawu eziqoshwe kahle, nenganekwane eyethusayo yomuntu owaba nesibindi sokudlala uNkulunkulu.

Izethameli zezitabane, ngaleso sikhathi namanje, zibona zonke lezo zinto nokuningi. Yize i-queer subtext ibingacashile kakhulu ku- Umakoti kaFrankenstein, Ukungena kukaWhale okokuqala kulolu hlobo kusakhuluma kakhulu.

Ukwenqatshwa kweSilo “ngubaba” waso kwashaya ngamandla. Ukwenqatshwa ngumndeni wakho lapho bethola ukuthi ucindezelekile kusenzeka kaningi kakhulu futhi kungenye yezahluko ezilimaza kakhulu ezindabeni zethu, futhi kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iSilo siwela kuphela ekuziphatheni okulimazayo lapho kunqatshwa lokho, into ebuye ihluphe umphakathi wethu.

Futhi, yize ependwe njenge-Monster, kunokuzwela okuthile ekudalweni kukaFrankenstein. Umuntu angayibheka kalula njengekhwalithi yabesifazane, ngakho-ke uthatha izici ezithile zoketshezi lobulili.

Futhi masingakhohlwa lowo mzuzu oyinhlekelele lapho exoshwa ngabantu bendawo abasangene ngamathoshi kanye nezimfoloko ezenzelwe ukubhujiswa kwakhe. Wonke umuntu we-LGBTQ emhlabeni uyakwazi lokho kwesaba kahle kakhulu.

Yize izinsimbi zodlame kungenzeka ukuthi zishintshile – ezinye zibizwa nangokuthi “imithetho” - lokho kwesaba nokukhathazeka kusabonakala kuze kube namuhla.

Akumangalisi, ukwazi ukuthi uMkhomo udale lezi zikhathi nezinye kule filimu, ukuthi iSilo sesibe yisithonjana sendlovukazi futhi leli fa selibhalwe ngalo emaphephandabeni nasezindabeni zezifundiswa kaningi emashumini eminyaka adlule.

Amanye amalungu omphakathi we-trans athole ngisho nozakwabo ku "monster" kaWhale, nababhali nezishoshovu ezinjengoSusan Stryker bekhomba ukufana okukhona phakathi kokudalwa kwesidalwa kanye nokuhlinzwa kwakhe ukuze abe yilokho ayefanele abe yikho.

Futhi masingakhohlwa ukuhlonishwa okukhulu kokuguqulwa kukaWhale ngobuciko bukaShelley: I-Rocky Horror Photo Show.

Singakwazi nje ukucabanga ukuthi uMkhomo ubengacabangani ngaleli fa, kepha njengoba sibheka indlela evulekile abephila ngayo impilo yakhe, ngicabanga ukuthi kuphephile ukucabanga ukuthi ubezoziqhenya.

Ngemuva kweminyaka ka-1931 Frankenstein, Whale uqhubeke nokuqondisa ezinye izinhlobo zakudala ezintathu: Indlu Endala Emnyama, Umuntu Ongabonakali, Futhi Umakoti kaFrankenstein. Ngamunye wabo uhlonishwa ngesitayela sakhe futhi ngamunye ugcwele imizwa yobungqingili yomqondisi.

UBoris Karloff noJames Whale kusethi yoMlobokazi waseFrankenstein

Wayengafuni ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wezinhlobo ngaleso sikhathi Umlobokazi wesaba ukuthi uzofakwa amajuba njengomqondisi owesabekayo. Ngokudabukisayo, ngo-1941, umsebenzi wakhe wokuqopha amafilimu wawusuphelile, kodwa wayehlakaniphe ngezimali zakhe futhi wayehlala emalini eningi.

Ngokunconywa ngumlingani wakhe wakudala, uDavid Lewis, umqondisi waqala ukudweba futhi waphila impilo yobukhazikhazi ekhaya lakhe elihle.

Kwakusehambo lwaseYurophu lapho uWhale ahlangana khona noPierre Foegel oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala futhi wazisa uLewis ukuthi wayehlose ukuthi le nsizwa ihlale naye lapho ebuya. U-Lewis washaqeka ngokwemvelo; kwaba ukuphela kobudlelwano obabuhlale ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20. Ngokumangalisayo, laba bobabili bahlala bengabangane ngemuva kwalokho.

Ngo-1956, uWhale wayehlushwa kakhulu ukucindezeleka okuqeda amandla futhi ngaphezu kwalokho wahlaselwa unhlangothi kabili. NgoMeyi 29, 1957, watholakala eseshonile ekhaya lakhe. Wayecwile echibini.

Ukushona kwathiwa kube yingozi kepha ngemuva kweminyaka, ngaphambi nje kokuba afe, uDavid Lewis waveza incwadi yokuzibulala ayitholile futhi wayifihla.

UWhale wayeneminyaka engama-67 kuphela ubudala ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, futhi yize ukuphela kwakhe kwakubuhlungu, impilo yakhe yayiphila kahle, futhi kulungile ukuthi simhloniphe ngesikhathi sigubha iNyanga Yokuziqhenya Ye-Horror.

Ngingathanda ukucabanga ukuthi kuzomenza amomotheke.